Steam Properties and Qualities: A Primer

By Jerry Timm

When the laws and characteristics of steam are respected, fewer operating problems occur and unnecessary costs are minimized.

Four Types of Steam

Steam is an invisible gas created by adding heat energy to water. It is liquid water changed to its gaseous state.

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What is Superheated Steam?

By Mike Sneary

Superheated steam occurs when heat energy is added to saturated steam that is not in contact with liquid. When the heat energy is added, the steam temperature is increased above the saturation temperature. Superheated steam is referred to as ‘dry’ steam meaning it contains no water droplets. This effect can also occur when the pressure of saturated steam is reduced through a pressure control valve.

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Air Management and Pressurization Part 5: Is It A Compression Tank or an Expansion Tank?

By Chad Edmondson

 As we bring our first series about air management in a hydronic system to a close, we’re going to revisit tanks – not what they do (we’ve already covered that) but what we call them.  Specifically, we want to address whether or not there is a difference between what some industry professionals call an “expansion tank” and what others call a “compression tank.” 

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Thinking Beyond Plate & Frame Heat Exchangers for Waterside Economizing

By Chad Edmondson

  “What type of heat exchanger is best for my waterside economizer application?”

 It’s a question we get asked a lot.  With the increased requirement for either an air or waterside economizing in ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010, we expect to get asked even more – especially since the DOE expects states to adopt the revised standard into their non-residential building codes by as early as next month.

 U-Factor Versus Real-World-Factor

Conventional engineering logic has always leaned toward plate and frame technology for waterside

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Air Management and Pressurization Part 4: Expansion Tank Sizing

By Chad Edmonson

Properly sized expansion tanks (standard or bladder/diaphragm) are critical to a successful air management in a hydronic system.

Every expansion tank manufacturer has a written form that provides the steps and calculations for sizing an expansion tank.  Most, if not all, have developed software that does the work for you.  Bell & Gossett has a great one, ESP-Plus which can be downloaded here.  But regardless of whether you use software or charts and longhand calculations to size an expansion tank, there are a few pieces of information you’re going to have to have either way.  These key values are:

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